Dawlish took it's name from the local stream with a brythonic name, that was once spelt Deawlisc meaning devil water. before the 18th century, Dawlish was a small fishing port, but during the 18th century it grew from a small fishing port into a well know tourist attracting, seaside resort. People that fist settled in dawlish were fisherman and salt makers. Salt making started in Dawlish before Roman times (55BC) and continued until the withdrawal of the Romans in 400AD. Sometime in the Anglo Saxon ages (400 - 1000AD) salt making in Dawlish ceased. During the Anglo Saxon period, early evidence of early farming settlements were found at a number of places like Aller Farm and Smallacombe. Until it was sold in the 19th century, Dawlish belonged to The Exeter Cathedral having been given to the chapter in 1050.
Dawlish is a coastal town in Teignbridge on the south coast of Devon in England, 12 miles from the county town of Exeter. It has a population of 12,819. Dawlish is next to the small seaside resort of Dawlish Warren, which is a renowned for it's sand spit stretching across the mouth of the Exe estuary/River Exe almost cutting it off. The sea frontage of the spit forms a 2 mile long sandy beach. Just across the Exe Estuary is Exmouth.
In Sidmouth, Devon they have used 3 different methods of coastal protections. These methods are:
Groynes:
Groynes are wooden or concrete/stone walls that run down the beach and into the sea. They are spread equally apart along the beach to stop the affects of longshore drift. An Advantage of groynes is that they slow down or even stop longshore drift affecting the beach, this is when the beach is slowly pushed away along the coast, depositing the beaches sand elsewhere. A disadvantage of groynes is that they are not very attractive and rot over time and need replacing.
Sea wall:
A sea wall is a large concrete wall that blocks waves from eroding the cliffs. An advantage of a sea wall is that it is very affective at stopping the waves eroding the cliff. And a disadvantage is that they are very expensive and need costly repairs over time. They also increase the backwash of the waves and therefore increase the speed of erosion of the beach.
Rock Armour:
Rock armour is a simple way of coastal protection, they are large rocks along the beach that absorb some of the waves power. An advantage of rock armour is that they look more natural and more attractive, they are also relatively cheap. A disadvantage is that they erode over time and adventually need replacing, they can also be displaced in a storm.
These few paragraphs will explain what mass movement is and what it does.
Mass Movement:
Mass movement is the way rocks move. The vertical joints on the rock make it easy for freeze thaw. As weathering breaks down the roll, we will have rock falls. You may also get creep and slide when the rock gets saturated with water.
Weathering:
Weathering is the breakdown of rock in situ and this is happening at the top of this cliff; from biological weathering. The roots from plants growing on top of the rock will push apart cracks within the rock, as the roots continue to widen the cracks, may lead to a rock fall. Chalk holds water very well so when it rains the rock holds the water in its cracks, at night when the temperature drops this sometimes freezes. Water expands when it is frozen this pushes the cracks apart, this is called freeze thaw and could also lead to rock fall.
Erosion:
The bass of the cliff is likely to be submerged by the high tide; the base of the cliff will be exposed to hydraulic action, attrition, abrasion and solution. A hydraulic action is the force of waves constantly pummeling the cliff base, this provides rocks for abrasion; other rocks rubbing against the cliff and knocking pieces off it. And also attrition which is when bigger rocks are smashed into other rocks by waves and broken down into smaller rocks. Just the sheer power of hydraulic action is enough to cause a wave cut notch in the base which will result in a fall and from this, more attrition and abrasion.
All of the above are ways that the coastline of britain.
BedZED
BedZED (Beddington Zero Energy Devolopment) is a good example of a sustainable settlement. I is an environmentally Friendly house development in Hackbridge, London. It is sustainable due to is very low carbon emmisions and friendly environment amongst other things. Listed below are some of the things that BedZED does to make it a sustainable settlement.
BedZED is accessible from the east side of London Road (A237), opposite New Road, approximately 500 metres north of Hackbridge Station Because of BedZED's low-energy-emission concept, instead of using cars they encourage public transport, cycling, and walking, and limited parking space.
BedZED is serviced by the 127 bus on the Purley Tooting route, via Wallington Railway Station and Hackbridge.
The apartments are finished to a high standard to attract the urban professional.
Building Materials were collected within 35 miles of the site to reduce enegy used to collect them.
Monitoring conducting in 2003, discovered that BedZed had achieved these reductions in comparison to UK averages:
Space-heating requirements were 88% less, Hot-water consumption was 57% less, The electrical power used, at 3 kilowatt hours per person per day, was 25% less than the UK average, 11% of this was provided by solar panals. The remainder was created by the wood chip plant for heat and power. Mains water consumption has been reduced by 50%, or 67% compared to a power-shower household and the residents car milage is 50% less.
Below Are a list of awards that BedZED has been awarded in the last few years, most for sustainability:
October 2005 - Sutton and Cheam Society Design award.
September 2004 - Bremen Awards Special Commendation
March 2004 - Civic Trust's sustainability award
November 2003 - Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Award for sustainable communities – BedZED was short listed with 3 other projects.
October 2003 - Stirling Prize – BedZED was short listed
October 2003 - RIBA journal sustainability award
July 2003 - – BedZED won a 'Completed Scheme' award. Judges said, "it works".
Who Are They?
The zabaleen are the dust bin people of the egyptian community, they are mainly coptic christians and were allowed to collect and dispose of Cairo's waste by feeding it to there pigs!
Where do they live?
They live in a part of cairo called the city of the dead which is family tombs for coffins.
How do they make a living out of rubbish?
In what ways to the Zabaleen offer a sustainible solution to waste disposal?
This post willl be about the Programa Favela Bairro in Rio de Janeiro.
What Is It?
The Programa Favela Bairro is an initiative that seeked to turn forlorn shantytowns, home to more than 1 million people, into proud neighbourhoods. It provided Infrastructure like a water service, paved streets, lighting and sewers.
How much is it, and who pays?
$600 million, IDB and the municipal goverment
Infrastructure improvements:
The people of the programa favela bairro say there life has improved, they have a sewage system, clean water, paved streets and better housing.
Example Of Community Projects:
They are planning physical infrastructure projects and are discussing the social services that will be provided for the Favela, based on the program's limits it can spend on each family. They say that community involvement will reduce friction when relocating families for the space they need for road projects and for removing families that are living in a high risk area.
Why Has The Scheme Been Successful:
I think that the overall scheme and infrastructure improvements have been successful, certainly in the eyes of the inhabitants. I think this because they have a proper infrastructure now like a sewage system, this is much better than the flying toilets they used to have. They also have a clean water supply unlike they used to.
This post will tell you different ways at which city's have tried to reduce traffic problems around there central business districts (CBD's):
1.) Congestion Charge: The congestion charge has been in place in central london for som time now. It is a fee for some motorists travelling within parts of london designated as the Congestion Charge Zone.The main objectives of this charge are to reduce congestion, and to raise funds for the London's transport system. The zone came into operation in parts of central london on the 17 February 2003 and it was extended into parts of west london later that month.
2.) Another way to reduce traffic problems in cbd's is a park and ride system. this reduces traffic as people park there cars in a car park outside the cbd and then take a bus into the city.
3.) They could also use a underground train network like the london underground, this would greatly reduce traffic like it does in london. Instead of driving there cars they just catch the underground train which could take them to certain parts of the city.
4.) Park & Glide: Also a way would be to use a park and glide, taunton has planned to have one in place in the next 10 years. Instead of park and ride (buses), the public would park there car and then take a boat into the cbd.
5.) Also they could build a multi-story car park just outside of town, this would force people to park there cars outside of town, and then walk into the cbd.
Will Roberts RB7
